Indeed, recent findings point to the existence of mnemonic processes which work to attenuate the representation of goal-irrelevant associates of a retrieval cue in favor of relevant associates at the time of retrieval ( Halamish et al., 2012 Wimber et al., 2015). As such, memory search is optimized when cue processing can target goal-relevant episodes while avoiding retrieval of irrelevant information (memory ‘filtering’, in the terminology of Halamish et al. It has been proposed that retrieval of such episodes depends on strategic processes that bias the processing of retrieval cues to align it with the retrieval goal ( Jacoby et al., 2005 Rugg, 2004 Rugg & Wilding, 2000). Successful episodic memory retrieval requires the establishment of high-fidelity representations of episodes relevant to the retrieval goal. This process is yet to be examined from the perspective of cognitive aging, raising the possibility that age-related episodic memory decline may, in part, be explained by inefficient gating of goal-irrelevant features of an episode. Retrieval gating refers to the finding that goal-relevant mnemonic features of an episode can be selectively reinstated, while reinstatement of irrelevant information is attenuated. A recently identified aspect of retrieval processing, termed ‘retrieval gating’, concerns the ability to regulate retrieved features belonging to a single memory episode according to their relevance to behavioral goals ( Elward & Rugg, 2015). Craik & Rose, 2012 Friedman & Johnson, 2014 Old & Naveh-Benjamin, 2008), the contribution of age differences in retrieval processing is less clear. While one established factor driving this decline is reduced efficacy of encoding operations (e.g. Together, these findings point to an age-related decline in the ability to engage retrieval gating.Įpisodic memory decline is well recognized as a prominent feature of cognitive aging ( Grady et al., 2012 Nilsson, 2003 Nyberg et al., 2012). Additionally, in younger adults only, the strength of scene reinstatement in the parahippocampal place area during the background task was related to item and source memory performance. Employing univariate and multivariate approaches, we demonstrated that younger, but not older adults, exhibited attenuated reinstatement of scene information when it was goal-irrelevant (during the location task). Participants subsequently underwent fMRI as they completed two memory tasks: the background task, which tested memory for the word’s background, and the location task, testing memory for the word’s location. Younger and older adults incidentally encoded words superimposed over scenes or scrambled backgrounds that were displayed in one of three spatial locations. Here, we examine whether retrieval gating varies with age. Recent findings demonstrate that younger adults engage retrieval gating by attenuating the representation of task-irrelevant features of an episode. Retrieval gating refers to the ability to modulate the retrieval of features of a single memory episode according to behavioral goals.
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